+b nx  M E <M = E J- J
( 20 }i  72 }i- 1  )

bM + M E n M +hb { +i  * {x E +i  +{  M E VS { iE  E il U]< E n * E l + +SU |E E {] E  <M =  J * +M- +M =  M BE  {x  x Jx SB * =i{nx E o]  <M E   i{h *  +{E  +x  E E xSc  * {xi BE i vx  Jx SB E  E C]  +{E E bM + M E U{ i  *+SU |E E bM  M E iE  +{ |l h E   +hb nx  {]  Ei  V <M {b  +vEi +hb nM * {xi <x {] E n `E |E J- J x E M i <ix E`x { u i E M< {]  +SU xiV x  Ei * <B  E =Si J-J x V  V YxE iExE u E Vx SB * +{E xxJi  vni +{xx M V Vn  Vn +hb E =i{nx E B V  *

b M E ""<M = E Vi ""
1. VM E Vi
2-2.5M ] ( 1860-2325 M  .) |i M-<] M x E B 3.5M ] (3255 M .  .) |i M - b E B ( bM  )
M E { VM +hb E =i{nx E B nx SB * E VM { Vn {n E x Jx SB x i ]  x  VBM + l   {x{x MM + M E   ] ]E M Mx E Vn x  VBM * <B  i< < Si VM M E nx SB *

2 nx Jx E VM : ] ]<{ b  4 <S  5<S (10-12..) |i   BE ]Ex  b (18 <S b] ) (45.7. .)20<] Mx E B il 15 b E M E B {{i i  *
>{ n M< V VM  E VM n Vx { M `E |E nx x J EM + +hb E =i{nx < |i M * <E + + n  +ni V {J =Jbx  BE n E xSx (ExV)  VBM * E M Vn J  xEx MM il {xn {J Mx MM ( ]M)<B +E VM +  nx SB*
b E E : M  {`  {  i< V SE  * +V E MM b  ]Ex  b Vn Si  V 3}i  >{ E  M E B <i E V Ei  *
BE i E  vx Jx SB E  Vn JS Mnx E i  , <B nx E n x x SB * +SU ]<{ E b  <xE  |M < J E xi  *b E >S<Vi E +x Jx SB* bM (M E Jx E VM) M E {` E iE x SB *  =  E E M { M i  *
+]]E b (Sx b )  b-b   + <i x M  *
nx b x  vx  {]] u  ]  ]  +M gi i  *
< iE  xi E Si i  { <E Mx E B   JS Vn +i 

3 {x E VM : M E {x E B  E VM nx SB * 50M E B BE b {x E ix ( ] )  6-8] (1.8-2.4  ) {x E x ] Sx 100M E B nx SB * {x E ix B x SB V {x   E il <  {x S i x M * l  M <E +n x P E * ix E E E   M {`  {  i V SE  *

4. P  <M x] : <M b  P E  Vi i ,  i  +E , CE M BEi lx {  +b nx {n Ei  < +b E S]Ex, ]]x, +b Jx E +ni  E il +b J x E +n E i  * x] B  V i   E V E* <x +v , n , il `E VM { J x SB *
x] | : 1M ] ( 930M . ) 6-9<S (15-23. . ) M x SB* V 5-6M E B {{i M* <B 100 M E B B 16-20x] x SB * ]x E ()=`> x xB x] +x   Vi   <xE b E +n n E l-l <] 
 x Ei *    18 <S (46 ..) E >S< { J Vx SB iE +b <E]] Ex  +x * <bVV+ x] E V Ex] x]  + <i E Vi  *  8]  2] Sb 14<S >S (2.5.  60. Sb 35. >S)+M E +  il 30 <S (76 . )>S {U E +  x SB* M E | Ex EE i 8<S ( 20.. b] ) x SB* B x]  16 <S( 40.6 . ) E V +{xM i  V  +b EBj E Vi  * B BE Ex] x] 100M E B E i * +E +xn EU-U] M E nx  +hb -  VBM* x] E +xn Eb E n  ] V 2-3 <S ( 5-7.5 . . )  Ux E {  Jx SB V +hb x ]]x {B * x] BE  n ]  Ei  * n ]  x]  nx ] E S M x SB iEE >{ E x]  Vx E B M E +x  * x] f>  iE M =x { ` x * x] n  {]x E l MB V Ei * n <b  E l x] <] E xB MB  i +hb <E]` Ex E B =E J n   UVV E xS  Ei * J E >{ BE fCEx n Ei  VE +hb =`x E n i  n E Ei *

5. x: +] x  =  +hb E =i{nx E =kiVi Ex E B  { Mx E Ex  { Mx  x { = Ex  Vn i Ex E B E Vi *

x Eix n : M E E 16Ph] E x, V  nx E x   , E n nx 13 P] E  i i E  E 3 P]  x n *

x E Pxi : E 200M ] } (18.6M .)B E B 40-60 ]  BE  7 ] (2.1 ) >S< { ME x E Vi  * =nh E B BE 3000M ] ( 279 M . )E b  + |E E 15  SB *

x E  : x  E  n V Ei    E   +{x v E iE nx      ] Ei * {xi V   +{ Sx < i E vx J E x |inx xi  `E =  { n x +xi  { x nx  M P Vi  il =xE =i{nx {  + {ci * +{ - E V  x  i  n Ei  {xi < E B 60] E V 0-15] E  <i Ex SB * <E  =ix  + M *

 { x nx E  E

+] x 9  20 }i iE M E x n Vi * {xi V  +b { + Vi  i =xE x nx  E Vi  * {xi BE    { x nx  x E * <E V v-v  fB VB il BE }i  10nx  { x { + VB *  BEBE n E Sx E B i+E * +M 3 P] E EE x nx  i +{ { nx +v P]   E + +M nx +v P] + f n il < {E fi-fi BE }i  { x n*
V iE   x E b E SS C E VE x nx  {x E ix
{ v {c*
< |E x nx  M E   E +hb =i{nx { i + x {ci {xi n E   +b E =i{nx < +E g Vi  + <x nx +b E Ei Vn i  *

6 ] ( Ux ) : +hb nx  b E +xn Ux E M 5 <S  6 <S( 12.7-15..) x SB*  Ux V {]  M b E xS l <x M E l  <M b  n *

1000 M  E B +EiB ( x E S )
 Ji   M{E E M E B  V E  +x  x E Jnx E Vi {ci  * ] i { M{E E V-V +E x E Vi {ci  =E S < |E  *  S xx E i { 1000M  E B n V   :-
1 b  nx E ix : 50 ]Ex  ix  200] (61.)  ] ]<{ b *
2 {x E ix : 20{x E ix  80] ( 24 . ) ]  Sx *
3 x] ( +b nx E P ) : 200M x],1 x] 5 M E    10 Ex] ]<{ x] *
4  : 15  20( 60 ] E )
5 SS E]x E j : ( b-E ) - BE
6 {Ecx E vx : ( E ) ESM G] : M E +n-n Ex E B  n < E E |Vx E B b nn  * BE G] 48 <S X 30<S x18 <S ( 122x76x46. . ) E 25-30 M E B E * B 3-4 G] +{x  { xB  Jn*

( J ) ESM C ( {Ecx E E ) :  BE -BE M E {Ebx E B vVxE  *
( M ) b : (VE 5-6 ]  i  il 4-5.
] >S i  )(x1.5-1.8 .  +
1.2-1.5  >S ) :  Eb E   V ME i E Vi  *  M E BE
Ex  <E]` Ex E B b nn *
<x {Ecx  vx  M lc xi , x S] {SB il x bB +x  E  + Vi  *
7. < E B x : < E B Zb ,E,JSx,E +n  V i  *
8. | {{ :   n< UcEx E B {{ E x V *
9. c : M nx E   G] E <v-=v  Vx E B 2-3c   x SB *
10. +b E ] : +hb <E]` Ex E B ( Bhb ] ) il =xE Ii Jx E
B E- E 1.5 2 V +hb E ] E <iV x SB *
11. <x] :  < M E Vx E B BE <x]  Mbb `E VM { x SB *
12. Jn Jx E VM : Jn E Jx E B BE +M c x SB V  E B Ex { xx SB* n  E i < V  fE E J iE CJ M x *

G& {U

J{`

G& +M

- i
- x E Sx
- Sx
- Ex E xh
- E E
- <M M E 
- {V
- b{ ] |h
- EE] +
- S
- EE] M
- EE] {x E 