Cane yield Observations :
Overall crop growth, cane yield and juice quality are very much influenced by the changes in climatic conditions during the different phases of crop growth (Zende, 1993). Looking to the agronomic observations reported in Table 2, the crop growth in terms of mature and total height, number of internodes, girth, cane weight and average internode length was normal and there was not much variation due to different treatments. By and large, treatments 4 and 5, showed better influence on all growth parameters. This resulted in getting higher cane yield of 57.72 MT/acre in treatments (i.e. 1/2 dose of V.C. and 1/2 dose of C.F.). This yield level is slightly higher than that obtained in treatment 2 (Recommended dose of chemical fertilizers above). The point to be noted here is, even though the actual yield level in different treatments is moderate (Table 1) the actual yield achieved in treatment 5 i.e. 57.72 MT/acre is achieved by applying only 50 percent of the recommended dose of N, P and K fertilizers in the presence of only one dose of vermicompost applied to the soil. The variation in cane yield level was between 47.3 (T3) to 57.22 (T5) with an average for all treatments of 53.7 MT/acre. Application of vermiompost can help in reducing the dose of chemical fertilizers to the extent of 50%, thereby reducing the expenditure on fertilizers and also reducing the cost of cultivation per ton.
Climatic conditions during the crop growth period of first Adsali crop at U.S.W. Ltd.
overall crop growth and cane yield are very much influenced by the changes in climatic conditions during the different. Phases of crop growth. The data reported in tables 1 and 2 shows that all the agronomic values were normal. This suggests that the climatic conditions prevalent during the different phases of crop growth must be also congenial. The nature of climatic conditions during the growth period of 1st Adsali crop at U.S.W. Ltd. are reported in Tables 2a and 2b
TABLE 2a AND 2b
A glance to the data reported in table 2a and 2b suggests that the crop received adequate rains in June, July, August, Sept. and October in 1996 and in June, July, August, Sept., October and even in November in 1997 (356.65 mm in 1996 and 512.0 mm in 1997, total 869.65 mm in crop growth period). The rain was received in all 76 days in crop growth period, similarly, the maximum and minimum temperatures from June to October in 1996 and 1997 were also favorable for elongation rate and low temperature in November or December or both in both the years were favorable for sugar accumulation resulting in reasonable cane yield and high N.R.Values. The lowest temperature in 1996 was 140C, while in 1997, it was 150C. The climatic conditions at Ainapur during the 1st Adsali crop must be more cogenial to give still better trend as reported in tables 10 and 11 respectively.
| TABLE - 2a |
| Climate Data |
| Raintall received during the crop growth period |
| of tirst Adsali crop (U.S.W.) |
| Year |
Month |
Rainfall recd |
No of rainy days |
| 1996 |
June |
69.25 |
8 |
| |
July |
38.25 |
7 |
| |
August |
39.50 |
9 |
| |
September |
72.90 |
8 |
| |
October |
137.75 |
5 |
| |
Total |
357.65 |
37 |
| 1997 |
April |
35.00 |
2 |
| |
June |
112.00 |
11 |
| |
July |
64.75 |
7 |
| |
August |
101.50 |
9 |
| |
September |
27.50 |
2 |
| |
October |
81.75 |
4 |
| |
November |
89.50 |
4 |
| |
Total |
512.00 |
39 |
| |
Grand Total for the growth period |
869.65 |
76 |
| TABLE - 2b |
| Climatic Data |
| Monthwise Temperature change during the crop growth Period |
| of first Adsali crop (U.S.W.) |
| Year |
Month |
Maximam Temp in 0 Range |
Average Value |
Minimum Temp 0 Range |
Average for full month |
| 1996 |
June |
28-40 |
34.00 |
20-23 |
21.5 |
| |
July |
27-33 |
30.00 |
21-22 |
21.5 |
| |
Aug. |
29-31 |
30.00 |
20-22 |
21.0 |
| |
Sept. |
29-32 |
30.50 |
20.22 |
21.0 |
| |
Oct. |
28-33 |
30.50 |
18-27 |
22.5 |
| |
Nov. |
28-30 |
30.50 |
15-23 |
19.0 |
| |
December |
28-32 |
30.00 |
14-17 |
15.5 |
| 1997 |
Jan. |
29-31 |
30.00 |
10-016 |
14.0 |
| |
Feb. |
32-35 |
33.50 |
12-017 |
14.5 |
| |
March |
35-41 |
38.00 |
17-21 |
19.0 |
| |
April |
35-40 |
37.50 |
19-23 |
21.0 |
| |
May |
36-42 |
39.00 |
20-22 |
21.0 |
| |
June |
30-39 |
34.50 |
21-23 |
22.0 |
| |
July |
29-32 |
30.50 |
21-22 |
21.5 |
| |
August |
28-31 |
29.50 |
21-22 |
21.5 |
| |
Sept. |
30-35 |
32.50 |
28-23 |
21.5 |
| |
October |
33-35 |
34.00 |
19-23 |
21.0 |
| |
Nov. |
31-34 |
32.50 |
18-21 |
19.5 |
| |
December |
24-32 |
28.00 |
15-21 |
18.0 |
| |
Range |
27-42 |
28.39 |
10-023 |
14.2 |
| |
Average |
34-5 |
33.50 |
16-5 |
18.0 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Difference 15.5 C. |
|
|
Based on the juice quality data reported in Table 3, it is seen that, the juice quality in terms of Brix, Pol % cane and N.R. % is good, the average N.R. % value(Sugar Recovery %) being 12.58 which is quite encouraging. Treatments 2, 3 and 4 recorded sugar recovery value of the magnitude of 12.8 and above, which is quite satisfactory if we consider the unfavorable climatic conditions namely rainfall received, average maximum and minimum temperature and humidity recorded during the maturity phase and reported in Tables 4 and 5 respectively.
|
TABLE - 4 |
| Climatic Data - Rainfall received during the maturity. |
| Period of first Adsali crop (ugar station) |
| Sr. No. |
Date |
Rainfall recived |
Sr. No. |
Date |
Rainfall received |
| |
|
(mm) |
|
|
mm) |
| 1) |
1/8/97 |
27.00 |
13) |
27-10-97 |
27.5 |
| 2) |
5/8/97 |
9.50 |
14) |
28-10-97 |
10 |
| 3) |
6/8/97 |
7.00 |
15) |
29-10-97 |
28 |
| 4) |
7/1/97 |
4.00 |
16) |
35684.00 |
4.5 |
| 5) |
11/8/97 |
5.00 |
17) |
D-18-11-97 |
22.5 |
| 6) |
13-8-97 |
16.50 |
18) |
N-18-11-97 |
16.25 |
| 7) |
15-8-97 |
5.00 |
19) |
26-11-97 |
23.75 |
| 8) |
16-8-97 |
10.00 |
20) |
27-11-97 |
15.5 |
| 9) |
22-8-97 |
14.00 |
21) |
35654.00 |
3.75 |
| 10) |
22-9-97 |
20.50 |
22) |
18-12-97 |
|
| 11) |
23-9-97 |
7.00 |
Total rainfall received in 5 |
|
|
| 12) |
22-10-97 |
13.25 |
months in 22 days |
|
320 |
|
TABLE - 5 |
| Climatic Data - Temperature and Humidity during the maturity phase of the Adsali crop |
| Sr. No. |
Period of observation |
Avg Max. Temp |
Avg Min. Temp |
Humidity (%) |
| 1 |
15-9-97 to 30-9-97 |
29.55 |
24.82 |
79.78 |
| 2 |
1-10-97 to 15-10-97 |
31.07 |
25.60 |
73.69 |
| 3 |
16-10-97 to 31-10-97 |
30.75 |
25.00 |
79.75 |
| 4 |
1-11-97 to 15-11-97 |
29.80 |
24.00 |
71.13 |
| 5 |
16-11-97 to 30-11-97 |
29.16 |
23.59 |
68.80 |
| 6 |
1-12-97 to 15-12-97 |
28.40 |
21.46 |
0.00 |
| 7 |
16-12-97 to 31-12-97 |
27.23 |
23.90 |
0.00 |
| |
Average |
29.42 |
23.90 |
0.00 |
The climatic conditions are not so favorable for accumulation of Sugar in cane to give higher sugar recovery. But the actual effect noted is fairly satisfactory. In respect of yield and juice quality the treatment effects were found to be non-significant. Data about millable plant population at harvest could not be recorded due to inadequate man power.
| TABLE - 6 |
| Effect application of vermicompost in graded doses on cane yield, sugar recovery and growth |
| parameters of Ratoon crop | |
| Location : U.S.W. |
|
Variety : CoC 671 |
Molybdenum deficiency produces whip-tail in cauliflower, broccoli and other Brassica crops. The deficiency of this element reduces the activity of the symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing micro-organisms.
It was in 1954 that chlorine was proved to be an essential micronutrient. Its defficiency under field conditions has not been reported so far. In water-culture solutions, the leaves of chlorosis, necrosis and an unusual bronze discolouration on tomatoes.
Sodium is not an essential element for plant growth. But some crops, such as beet, celery, cabbage, kale, knol-khol, radish, rape and turnip, benefit greatly by application of soluble sodium salts, specially if the soil is deficient in potassium. Sodium is also of direct benefit to plants indigneous to the sea-shore or to irrigated arid regions. Salts of this element are said to release more of potassium from the exchange complex and to help to maintain phosphorus in a more available form. They also serve as a partial substitute for potassium in the case of potatoes and cotton.
