TOMATO

Name of the diesease	Symptoms	Control Measures
BUCK EYE ROT OF FRUITS	Brownish spots on both mature and young green fruits. The spot show numerous concentric rings, resembling slightly the markings on a buck-eye nut. Infected seeds are discoloured to brown.	1. Spray Difolatan (0.2% ) or Blue Copper/Blitox (0.4% ) at 10 days interval. 2. Cultural operations like staking the plants and mulching of soil with grass to avoid contact of fruits with soil, are useful in minimising the infection. Treat the seeds with Captan (0.2%).
SEPTORIA	Circular spots with pale centres on leaves, stem, calyx and rarely on fruits, Severe infection causes defoliation. Fruits fail to ripe evenly.	Spray Blue Copper/Blitox (0.4% ) or Dithane M-45 (0.2%).
EARLY BLIGHT	Circular, brown concentric ringed leaf spots. Affected leaves drop. On fruits, brown to black depressed spots. Infected fruits fall to the ground. Seeds carrying the infection are black.	1. Spray Captan (0.2% ) or Dithane Z-78 (0.2%) .2. Treat the seed with 0.2% Captan or Thiram.
LATE BLIGHT	Infection on all above ground plant parts, water soaked spots on leaves and dark olivaceous spots on fruits. Whole plant often dies.	1. Spray Bordeaux mixture (4:4:50) or Blitox/Blue Copper (0.4%) or Dithane Z-78 (0.2% ) . 2.Use resistant varieties.
POWDERY MILDEW	whitish floury patches appear on the leaves, stem and rarely on fruit. Epidemiology : The pathogen survives on some weed hosts. Warm, dry weather conditions favour the disease.	Spray Sulfex ( 0.2%) at 10 days interval.
FUSARIUM WILT	Yellowing and droopling of the leaf petioles, followed by total plant wilt. Browning inside the stem tissue is evident.	1. Soil application of Bavistin (0.1%) or JK Stein (0.1%) or Dithane M-45 (0.2%) or Blitox/Blue Copper (0.5%) or Caption (0.2%) afford partial control. 2. Use resistant varieties.
TOMATO MOSAIC	The characterstic symptom of this disease is dark green mottling of the leaves, often accompanied by wilting of young leaves in sunny days. The leaflets are usually distorted, puckered and small. At times leaflets exhibit 'fern leaf' symptoms.	1. Select the seeds only from healthy plants. 2. Treat the seed with trisodium phosphate @ 90 g/lit for 15 min. 3. Grow the seedling in sterilized soil. 4. Remove all the infected plants from the field. 5. Implements and tools should be dipped in 3% solution of trisodium phosphate before using them.
TOMATO SPOTTED WILT	The disease is characterised by sudden browning of leaves followed by cessasion of growth of the plants. Leaves show bronze colouring and necrosis. Fruits from infected plants exhibit concentric circular markings.	Same as suggested for tomato leaf curl virus.
TOMATO LEAF CURL	Leaf curl disease is characterised by severe stunting of the plants accompanied by downward curling and crinkling of the leaves. The newly emerging leaves exhibit slight yellow colouration followed by curling symptoms. Older leaves become leathery and brittle. The disease causes loss in yield upto 92.5%I in case of early infection.	1. Treat the nursery bed with furadon or Disyston @ 1 kg a.i./ha at the time of sowing of seeds. 2. Apply another dose of Furadon or Disyston @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha at the time of transplanting of seedlings followed by 2-3 foliar sprays of either Dimethoate (0.05%) or Monocrotophos (0.05%) or Metasystox (0.02%) at 10 days intervals. 3. After fruit, formation spray krishi oil (2%) at 10 days intervals. 4. Remove infected plants from the field. 5. Sow 5-6 rows of barrier crops like maize, Jowar or Bajara around main tomato field at least 2 months before transplanting seedlings in the field.
TOMATO BIG BUD Click on Image for larger photo.	The first indication of infection appears at the tip of the actively growing shots. The youngest fruit truss, instead of becoming recurved as in normal plants, assumes an upright position. The buds on the truss also point in vertical direction. The calyx segments remain united almost to the tips, and the whole calyx enlarges to a form like bladder with a toothed openings at the top. There is a proliferation of axillary buds and thickening of the stem. Terminal buds completely ceases to grow. This disease is caused by mycoplasma like organism	1.Rouging of infected plants from the field. 2. Application of furadon @ 1 kg a.i. / ha in nursery followed by more dose of 1.5 kg a.i./ha at the time of transplanting. 3. Spraying of either Metasystox (0.2% ) or Dimethoate (0.05%) or Monocrotophos (0.05%) at 10 days interval, to kill the insect vectors. 4.Temporary remission can be achieved by spraying 200 ppm oxytetracycline hydrochloride solution at weekly intervals
BACTERIAL WILT	Characteristic symptoms of bacterial wilt on most of the hosts are rapid and complete wilting of normal grown up plants. Pathogen is mostly confined in vascular region. In advanced cases, it may invade the cortex and pith and cause brown discolouration. Infected plant parts when cut and immersed in clear water, a white streak comes out from cut end.	1. Line CRA-00 Sel, A ( Tomato ) and Dingras Multiple Purple, Sinampro and Pusa purple cluster ( Brinjal) are found resistant. 2.Crop rotations such as cowpeamaize-cabbage , okra-cowpea-maize, maize-cowpea-maize & finger millet-egg plant. (PPC) French bean are found effective in reducing bacterial wilt of tomato and egg plant. 3. Application of bleaching powder @ 15 kg/ha before planting is found effective.
BACTERIAL SPOT Click on Image for larger photo.	On tomato, spots are small , translucent in the beginning but soon enlarge into circular, dark brown to black greasy spot surrounded with yellowish halo. Severe spotting may cause distoration and death of leaflets. On the stem and petiole, the lesions are large, black and canker like but those on unripe green fruits become corky and resemble small scabs with irregular margins. Spots on leaves, petiole, stem and fruit of chillies are distinctly raised.	1. Hot water treatment of seeds at 500C for 25 minutes. Mercuric chloride (1:1000) seed treatment is also recommended. 2. Three sprayings with Agrimycin -100 (0.01%) at 10 days interval is found effective in bacterial spot of tomato. 3. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture (3:3.50) or Dithane Z-78 (0.2%) or Streptocycline (0.2%) are reported effective against leaf spot of chilli.