GRAPE

Name of the diesease	Symptoms	Control Measures
DOWNY MILDEW Click on Image for larger photo.	Leaves, shoots, tendrils, flowers and fruits of the vine are infected. Light green to olive yellow translucent spots appear on the upper surface of leaves. Whitish downy my-celial growth appear on the lower surface of the infected leaves. Under suitable environmental conditions, the disease development leads to partial or total destruction of leaves, dwarfing and killing of the shoots, rotting and cracking of berries. Symptoms on affected fruits are; large oily blotches with a dark margin which finally become dull green; wither, rot and fall.	1.Burn or bury fallen diseased leaves and pruned twigs to minimise the source of infection for the next season. 2. After pruning, spray the canes with Bordeaux mixture 5:5:50 or Difolatan (0.2%) or Delan (0.2%) or Deconil (0.2%). 3. When the flushes are formed, spray with Difolatan (0.2%) or Delan (0.2%) or Deconil (0.2%) or Ridomil (0.1%) or Aliette (0.2%) and repeat at weekly intervals. Spray should be repeated at 2-3 day intervals with non systemic fungicides when the weather is humid and rainy.
ANTHRACNOSE	Initially small dark brown spots appear on leaves which gradually increase in size. Centre of the spot become papery thin and fall off, giving the appearance of shot-hole symptoms. Usually, leaves with many spots are distorted. Conspicuous brown elliptical sunken lesions are found on shoots. The growth of young infected twigs is arrested, which remain short and dry up. Brown sunken spots with dark margins are found on berries. Infected berries shrivel and dry up.	1. Remove all the diseased twigs and leaves. Spray pruned canes and leaves with a mixture of Ferrous sulphate 2.5 kg + ½ pint sulphuric acid in 1 gallon of water. 2. Fungicidal spray of Difolatan (0.2%) or Dithane M-45 (0.2%) or Bavistin (0.1%) or Methyl thiophanate (0.1%) or Daconil (0.2%) or Delan (0.2%) or Baycor (0.1%) at 10 days intervals. Interval should be reduced during rainy days.
POWDERY MILDEW Click on Image for larger photo.	White growth appear on leaves, young shoots, blossoms and berries. Heavy infection during early part of the season cause complete destruction of the flower clusters. Infected leaves curl upward during dry weather. Infected fruits are misshaped, cracked and have rusty spots. Infected berries fall before maturing.	1. Fungicidal spray of Sulfex (0.2%) or Wettasul (0.2%) or Beyleton (0.1%) or Saprol (0.15%) at 10-15 days intervals. 2. Sulphur dusting should be done in the morning when dew is present. 3. Vines must not be over crowded, thinning of leaves may be helpful ventilation.
DEAD ARM	It is first noticed as angular, small spots on the leaves, stems, canes, and flower clusters. Most of the spots have yellowish margins and dark centres. Spots grow and kill the buds. In some cases the fungus grow back into the woody part where it gradually attacks the water conducting system of the plant and kills the arm, thus giving the disease this name.	1. Destroy diseased and pruned canes. 2. Spray Bordeaux mixture 5:5:50 immediately after pruning and continue with Difolatan (0.2%) or Daconil (0.2%) of Dithane M-45 (0.2%) at 10-14 days interval till the canes become hard.
BLACK ROT	: Disease appears on all the new growth of the vine. It is more severe on purple varieties and less common on seedless ones. Necrotic lesions are scattered or grouped. Circular & at first red in colour lesions on shoots, tendrils, leaf, stems and with purple to blue margins near veins. First sign on berries is a small whitish spot surrounded by a brown band. The infected area becomes depressed and the whole berry decays, shrinks, mummifies and blackens. Minute black dot-like pycnidia are formed.	1. Destruction of diseased leaves and mummified fruits. 2. Fungicidal spray of Difolatan (0.2%) or Daconil (0.2%) or Captan (0.2%) at 10-14 day intervals with the onset of cane sprouting till the berries are formed. .
BERRY ROT	Brown patches with hard depression on the berries which gradually cover the whole berry. Black dot like fruiting bodies of the fungus can be seen on the berries. The infected fruits become mummified.	1. Destruction of diseased leaves and mummified fruits. 2. Fungicidal spray of Difolatan (0.2%) or Daconil (0.2%) or Captan (0.2%) at 10-14 day intervals with the onset of cane sprouting till the berries are formed. .
BROWN LEAF SPOT	Dark brown, angular spots are formed on the leaves and young shoots. This is serious during July to December. High humidity following the rains favours its development.	----------